Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Natural Disaster and Decision That Follows - 620 Words

Natural Disaster and decision that follows Natural disaster risk can be defined as follows: The exposure or the chance of loss (of lives, persons injured, property damaged and economic activity disrupted) due to a particular hazard for a given area and reference period. In case of a disaster event, there are several effects, such as humanitarian effects, including the loss of lives and persons injured; ecological effects among other damage to ecosystems; and economic effects, comprising different effects on the economy. National disaster effects can be caused by the disaster itself or by follow-on, directly or indirectly. List of Alternatives: 1. Awareness 2. Planning and prevention 3. Response 1. Awareness With†¦show more content†¦Country risk officer is the primary contact point and key decision-maker in times of crisis. Large-scale peril defense programs are conducted in areas of high value or national importance. Risk maps should be revised after the defenses are complete. The defenses should be easily augmented in the future if risk levels or understanding of risk changes. Communities can work together on local measures, particularly where large-scale defenses are not possible. This may include avoiding construction in peril-prone areas, or making buildings temporary or peril-resilient in such areas. Resiliency measures should be regularly inspected. Other defensive actions include raising riverbanks or sea walls, and relocating households or facilities. 3. Response The response phase begins after the post-disaster situation has stabilized and there is no longer imminent threat of loss of human lives. The response phase focuses on restoring law and order, ensuring a secure environment and distributing resources and supplies. During this phase, there is a risk of secondary disasters such as mud- or rockslides following heavy rain and flooding. The risk of secondary disasters may require relocating people. Restoring law and order is crucial to an environment in which appropriate response measures can be taken. If civil society and security deteriorate it will beShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Decisions And Allocating Resources1278 Words   |  6 Pages Decisions and Allocating Resources The Department of Homeland Security and FEMA are in charge of handling emergencies throughout the United States. These emergencies can be natural disasters or terrorist attacks. Their purpose is to make sure that the response is efficient and effective during the emergency. The ICS delegates it’s resources and the responsibility is accounted for by all in charge of their specific areas. Below is a fictional example of a natural disaster and how the responseRead MoreNatural Disaster1405 Words   |  6 PagesNatural Disasters With the tropical climate and unstable landforms, coupled with high population density, poverty, illiteracy and lack of adequate infrastructure, India is one of the most vulnerable developing countries to suffer very often from various Natural Disasters, viz. flood, cyclone, earthquake,forest fire, drought, etc. Asia tops the list of casualties due to natural disasters. Space technology plays a crucial role in efficient mitigation of disasters. Communication satellite providesRead MoreIncident Command System and the Role of Incident Commander669 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Incident Command System A hurricane is one of the natural disasters that wreck havoc destroying property, lives and infrastructure. During hurricane incidences, the incident commander has the obligation to carry out the tasks of; commanding, operations, planning, logistics, finance and administration of the whole process (Natural Hazards Center, 2006). He should therefore be in position to quickly make the following decisions. The incident commander (IC) should ensure that the rescue workers involvedRead MoreEnvironmental Psychology Article Analysis866 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment but also how the environment and natural occurrences affect man. The continual cause and affect cycle from both sides of the equation give purpose to environmental psychology as well as incorporating other disciplines. Unlike many disciplines that have a single focus, the focus of environmental psychology covers many areas of concerns. It incorporates other fields of psychology along with medical and scientific fields. The recent natural disasters of Japan will advance knowledge and theoriesRead MoreNatural Resources And Human Resource882 Words   |  4 Pagesvulnerable to weather extremes and natural disasters, most of us will readily agree that the developing and underdeveloped part of the world in the south are the most vulnerable, as they hugely rely on natural resources and human resource for their economic develop ment (Harmeling Eckstein, 2013). The developing world already scarce in resources, will further go down to poverty (Anderson and Arnold, 2000). Cannon (1994) argues that hazards are natural but â€Å"disasters† are not. He asserts that peopleRead MoreThe Disaster Of The Hurricane Katrina1344 Words   |  6 Pagesof Louisiana residents without food, water and shelter. The devastation of the storm led the levies of the flood-protecting dam to break leaving the city underwater during the catastrophe. This natural disaster will go down in American history as the worst of its kind. Although all the unfortunate natural events that made this tragedy possible, the supervision of the event was almost as bad as the hurricane itself. There are many fingers to point at the different people handling the situation butRead MoreConstruction Of Bridge Construction Project875 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past several decades, the frequency of disasters and their impacts on communities have increased initiating enhancement need for more efficient safety measures, disaster risk reduction and adequate management plans. Therefore, building disaster resilient infrastructure systems and making resilient cities with a reduced probability of failure, economic and social consequences and a recovery time, represents the challenge (Bruneau, Chang et al. 2003, Godschalk 2003). Further, safety problemRead MoreThe Los Angeles Facility For Disaster Recovery1542 Words   |  7 Pagesnetwork and cable affiliates is disaster recovery. The result of a natural disaster may halt network operations, which will result in a revenue shortfall for outage duration. The expansion of the problem statement is centered primarily in a few levels of the company’s organization, including, individual, traditional and virtual teams, department, and organization. The requirements for the integration of the Los Angeles facility and the Texas facility for disaster recovery requires a level of k nowledgeRead MoreThe Grey Zone594 Words   |  3 PagesThe Grey Zone Whose responsibility is it to ensure that workplaces are safe, especially when work is outsourced? Strategic managers have the responsibility to ensure that work places are safe when work is outsourced. Strategic decision makers must consider many aspects when pursuing international strategies (Coulter, 2013, p.198). Before doing business internationally, however, strategic managers need to explore, examine, and understand as best as they can, the important issues in the internationalRead MoreRisk Management And Homeland Security1309 Words   |  6 Pagesmultifaceted environment which must be controlled to effective function at its highest potential. â€Å"The safety, security, and resilience of the Nation are threatened by an array of hazards, including acts of terrorism, manmade accidents, and natural disasters† (DHS., 2011). All together, homeland security agencies must manage risks at all levels connected with an array of components. Collectively, these external and internal risks have the potential to cause severe consequences like; fatalities

Monday, December 16, 2019

What You Should Do About Professional Term Papers Starting in the Next Two Minutes

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Sunday, December 8, 2019

Contemporary central mexican ceramics A view from the past Essay Example For Students

Contemporary central mexican ceramics : A view from the past Essay This is an exploratory paper, a unique diachronic study of glazed (usually lead glaze), low-fired earthenwares of central Mexico. Seifert (1974) has demonstrated that most research on these wares has utilised a synchronic approach to study the technology, the aesthetics, and the sociocultural framework associated with the production of the pottery. Although not always formally stated it is generally assumed that the modem ceramic complexes have a substantial time depth and reflect a synthesis of Spanish and indigenous traditions which occurred during the first century following the conquest. Archaeological data which clarify the trends in the historical development of glazed earthenwares will validate or modify hypotheses put forward on the nature of ceramic syncretism after the conquest primarily using contemporary data. In a slightly broader perspective the above mentioned data are of significance as part of a controlled study of methods and processes of archaeological interpre tat ions. We will write a custom essay on Contemporary central mexican ceramics : A view from the past specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A study of the development of wares and styles, which arc still being manu factured and which can be studied in an ethnographic context in which some of the socio-cultural correlates arc known, will provide basic information for the inter pretation of prehistoric archaeological data. In this article I shall present preliminary results from my studies defining the introduction and the development of glazed earthenwares in the eastern Teoti luiacan Valley, Mexico. I realise, of course, that this region   is rural and peripheral to areas wherein major developments occurred during the Colonial and Republican periods. My results might mirror only selective diffusion and accep tance of ceramics from other areas in which the major changes took place. However, it is the only area in the Valley of Mexico for which both excavated and surface data arc available for the periods between a.d. 1519 and a.d. 1969. As I have indicated elsewhere (1972) most archaeologists conducting research in the Valley of Mexico have ignored or eliminated the archaeological data of the postconqucst periods. Outside of the Valley, in the Huejotzingo area near Puebla, Schmidt (1973) has reported a postconquest ceramic sequence similar to that of the Otumba area in the Tcotihuacin Valley.   The data upon which this article is based were gathered through surface surveys and excavations during 1968 and 1969, in the eastern part of the Tcotihuacin Valley, near Otumba. The main orientation of the research was directed to the recovery of a complete archaeological sequence for the period a.d. 1519 to a.d. 1969, effectively completing the ceramic and settlement pattern sequences defined by Sanders (1965) and Millon (1970) for the Teotihuacin Valley as a whole. I chose the Otumba area for detailed surveys and excavations because of the readily available and abundant documentary data relevant to the archaeological site s and   because of the previous surveys in the region (cf. Charlton 1969). I planned to use the data recovered to test theories and assumptions used in the interpretation of prehistoric archaeological data, using the known historical data of the postconquest periods as controls on the accuracy of the interpretations (1972b). As part of the research I also conducted and directed studies of contemporary ceramics, including the manufacture and marketing of locally produced tourist type tradewares and glazed domestic earthenwares. The market studies included both the locally made ceramics and those imported from other parts of Mexico. These studies are continuing (Charlton in press). From the sites excavated in 1969 (Charlton 1972b) I have selected eight, spanning a period of time from c. a.d. 1650-1675 to a.d. 1969, to define the introduction and the development of domestic glazed earthenwares in the Otumba area of the Tcotihuacin Valley. The sequence into which the sites are arranged has been formulated on the basis of a Tripolc Graph Scriation using glazed a nd unglazed earthenwares (Charlton 1972b: 210), a Bar Graph Seriation of the Majolica Complexes within each site (Seifert 1974b), and the available documentary data (Charlton 1974). The eight sites selected for this paper have similar and comparable durations (cf. Cowgill 1972: 384-5), based on the dating of the Majolica Complexes present in each (Seifert 1974b). With one exception, Santa Maria Tilmatlan, the archaeological deposits at the sites arc unmixed with significant amounts of earlier or later materials. At Santa Maria Tilmatlan the Colonial period site is situated over a Mctcpcc phase Tcotihuacan period site and some mixture has occurred. All the earlier materials were separated during analysis and the frequencies presented here were calculated on the basis of a Late Aztec-Early Colonial period deposit. A third point of comparability between the sites involves the ntidden nature of the deposits. Structural features occur only in TA-247, C.A. 15. The deposit at Santa Maria Tilmatlan has been disturbed through intensive cultivation since the late eighteenth century and no evidence for structural features or midden deposition was noted in excavating. However, the positive identification of this community and its significance with reference to the processes involved in the introduction of glazed earthenwares, outweigh the disadvantages m entioned above.   I have subjected the excavated glazed earthenware sherds to two basic studies. The first involved the establishment of a ceramic typology using a Ware-Type Form-Variety format similar to that used by Parsons (1966) in his discussion of Aztec ceramics. .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 , .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 .postImageUrl , .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 , .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3:hover , .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3:visited , .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3:active { border:0!important; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3:active , .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3 .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u678e6c8372901918ce224d03f73518e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Egyptian and mexican pyramids EssayIn establishing this typology I have used all excavated sherds, bodies and rims, decorated and undccorated, recovered through screening during excavation. Low-fired glazed earthenware is the Ware category. The types, based on the nature of painted decoration or the absence thereof arc Monochrome (no decoration), Bichrome (one painted colour on a plain background), Polychrome (two or more painted colours on a plain background), and Dolores Hidalgo Poly chrome (a contemporary trade ware from Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, charac terised by flaring sided bowls with multicoloured interior decorations). These types arc further subdivided into Fo rm Classes and Decorative Variants, detailing specific forms and specific decorative motifs. In this article I am utilising only the Ware and Type levels of analyses. The types probably reflect the relative amounts of decorated as opposed to undccorated surfaces on the vessels within a given site rather that the relative frequency of whole vessels which are completely decorated or undecorated. They are, however, useful categories by which to classify sherds. The second study of glazed earthenwares was conducted by Thomas (1974). This was a study of sherds from selected sites (see Tabic 1) to determine the methods of pottery making used at various times during the postconquest period in the Tcotihuacin Valley. From mould scams, neck/shoulder angles and thicknesses, and concentric basal or wall striations, sherds were identified as wheel or mould made. Thomas has indicated some of the inherent difficulties in determining the   relative significance of wheel as opposed to mould made ceramics. * At any one site the number of sherds indicative of the technology used was minute in comparison with the total number of sherds examined. A number of sherds were too small to have any identifiable characteristics on them’ (1974: 2). Never theless her findings arc significant in understanding the introduction of a new ceramic tradition (wheel made, glazed earthenwares) to Mexico. The ceramic data from the Tcotihuacin Valley do not suggest any direct, obvious, immediate, or striking ceramic acculturation on the part of the Aztecs during the sixteenth century and the first half of the seventeenth century. The Aztec III ceramic complex, manufactured and in use at the time of the conquest, underwent an initial sixteenth century florescence resulting in the production of Aztec IV Black/Orange. The aesthetic influences were handled to such a degree within the canons of Aztec Black/Orange style that most scholars have recognised the Aztcc IV innovations but have attributed them to prcconquest manufacture. With the exception of this florescence the major trends in Aztec ceramics from a.d. 1519 to a.d. 1650 involve increasing frequencies of undccorated wares, a decrease in burnishing and polishing, and the increased use of Red/Orange and Red/Brown slips on plain vessels. Outside the Teotihuacin Valley, in Texcoco, Tenochtitlan, and possibly Tonala (Jalisco), there is evidence of Spanisli influence on ceramics, both in terms of a Spanish ceramic tradition and in terms of a modification of aboriginal ceramic traditions for Spanish tastes. The wares include Majolicas, glazed earthenwares, and Tonala brunida ware (Roberta Rciff Katz, personal communication, 1974). In the Tcotihuacan Valley similar ceramics do not make their appearance until after a.d. 1650, at which time lands freed by declining and centralised Indian popula tions were being exploited by the Spanish in Ranchos and Haciendas. Table 1 suggests two mechanisms whereby glazed earthenwares were introduced. Santa Maria Tilmatlan is an Aztec community which persisted into the eighteenth century. TA-246, C.A. 16 appears to be the midden of a Spanish Rancho or Hacienda. The two sites   have Majolica complexes which indicate that they were occupied at the same time. However, the glazed earthenwar es at TA-246, C.A. 16 represent 50-2 per cent, of the total ceramic assemblage, the rest consisting of unglazcd Spanish earthenwares of the seventeenth century and some tin enamelled Majolicas. At Santa Maria Tilmatlan glazed earthenwares represent only 0-57 per cent, of the assemblage which is heavily Aztec in origin (table 2). Not only arc the two sites occupied at the same time, but the glazed earthen- ware complexes at each show similar frequencies of wheel and mould made sherds (tabic 1). I suggest that glazed earthenwares were introduced as part of the ceramic inventory of Spanish settlers during the seventeenth century. Access to such wares by the surviving aboriginal population was restricted as evidenced by their low frequency at Santa Maria Tilmatlan. An intermediate situation occurred at Ranchos and Haciendas of the same period (e.g. TA-247, C.A. 15) owned and operated by Spaniards but worked by Indians. In these sites there occurs an interesting amalgam of Aztec and Spanish ceramic traditions, midway between the complexes reported from TA-246, C.A. 16 and Santa Maria Tilmatlan. These sites, as I have noted elsewhere (1974), served as alternative population foci for the Indians and resulted in an incomplete application of the Congregation policy in the area.   From the time of their first introduction during the seventeenth century until the first decade of the nineteenth century, the glazed earthenwares increased in frequency from 19-9 to 49*1 per cent, of the ceramic assemblage (table 2). Although the data are presently incomplete there appears to have been a gradual shift from the use of the wheel to the use of moulds in ceramic manufacture (tabic 1). .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d , .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d .postImageUrl , .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d , .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d:hover , .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d:visited , .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d:active { border:0!important; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d:active , .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua02a50b213259eb23b3b0de59330f08d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frida Kahlo The Mexican Surrealist artist EssayThis may represent a trend for aboriginal potters to acquire the knowledge necessary to glaze ceramics while retaining their basic shaping technology. Thus there arc two technological trends, one representing a gradual acceptance or acquisition of the techniques of glazing; the other representing a conservative trend, the retention of moulding and an application of this technique to vessels to which glaze was applied. These trends support the concept of a regular, gradual, and continuous fusion of Spanish and Indian cultures in the Teotihuacdn Valley (cf. Wolf 1955). On the other hand an examination of the trends in the develo pment of decoration in the same period indicates quite obviously that there was virtual stagnation and extreme conservatism in this area. The relative frequencies of Monochrome and Bichromc sherds remain the same from the time of first introduction into the area until the early nineteenth century (see tabic 2). This stagnation in decorated glazed earthenwares reflects the general level of artistic development in the ceramic assemblage from a.d. 1650 to c. a.d. 1810-20. The generally drab ceramic complex of this time includes five kinds of ceramic materials: modified, simplified, and generally undccorated Aztec ceramics; unglazed wares of cither Spanish or abo riginal derivation, but made according to Spanish standards of taste; unglazcd Spanish wares; well decorated tin enamelled wares (Majolicas); and glazed earthen wares, generally undccorated. A high level of decoration and sense of artistic accomplishment are to be found only in the Majolicas and in the wares manufac tured by aborigines but for Spanish taste (e.g. Tonala bruiiida ware). The richly decorated contemporary glazed earthenware tradition of the Tcoti huacdn Valley developed out of this rather uninspired Colonial glazed earthenware tradition. During the period a.d. i8io-a.d. 1969 the frequency of glazed earthen wares in the ceramic assemblage continued to increase following the trend established in the Late Colonial period. During the same period, however, there was a diversification of glazed earthenwares both in decorations and in forms (see table 2). Initially during the nineteenth century Bichromc decorations increased in frequency. To these, at the end of the century, were added a variety of Polychrome decorations. This expanding and diversifying ceramic tradition resulted in the contemporary glazed earthenware complex. In addition to the local elaborating ceramic sequence the twentieth century has witnessed the introduction of ceramics from many other parts of Mexico. This has further increased the complexity of designs found in the sites of the twentieth century. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the trend away from wheel made to mould-made pottery has continued (see table i). Contemporary glazed earthenwares of the Teotihuacin Valley have a restricted time depth and are the result of a burst of creative energy beginning in the early nineteenth century and continuing to the present. The modern ceramics do not derive from transformed Aztec Black/Orange variants but arc aesthetically new. Technologically they incorporate Spanish glazing and Indian moulding. In these technological aspects of ceramic manufacture there has been a long, gradual, fusion of aboriginal and introduced elements. The stagnation and limited application of decorations to pottery during the Late Colonial period probably resulted from the existence of guilds which controlled designs. With the War for Independence from Spain these guilds and their privi leges were abolished and * cualquicr persona con cl saber suficiente podia aspirar a realizar variedades mas selectas . ..’ (Lameiras et al. 1968).

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Partridge

Sequence of events The fatal Partridge-Raleigh oilfield explosion occurred in June 2006. Partridge-Raleigh had hired contractors from an independent firm (Stringer’s Oilfield Services) to carry out maintenance on the tanks used by Partridge-Raleigh to store oil. Specifically, the contractors were required to install pipes from two oil storage tanks to another tank.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Partridge-Raleigh Oilfield Explosion in 2006 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the installation process, welding sparks came into contact with the flammable vapor generated by open pipes eventually causing a fatal explosion. Out of the four workers deployed on the facility, three of them lost their lives while the other suffered serious injuries. Before this incidence, workers from Stringer’s Oilfield Services had managed to relocate two oil tanks from other sites to the new site. The only task le ft was to install connecting pipes on the facility, but the explosion messed up everything. In a summary, the explosion was caused by errors made by the welders due to their inability to observe safety precautions when dealing with dangerous and explosive components (The US Chemical Investigation Board, 2007). Preventative measures In order to prevent the occurrence of such incidences, I would have taken quite a number of preventive measures. Since the equipments are highly flammable, I would have used a gas detector to find out flammable vapour present in the tank other than using a lit torch. I would isolate the open pipes and remove the pipes that were connecting the new tank with the older tanks that contained flammable liquid (The US Chemical Investigation Board, 2007). Other measures of preventing such explosions include employment of qualified and well trained personnel to perform such tasks, observing extreme caution when working on containers with flammable liquids and also ensuring that every person involved understands the welding hazards. The storage drums should be grounded especially when there is need to transfer flammable liquids from one storage tank to another (Ferguson Janicak, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The subsequent investigations carried out by the government officials only relied on the findings from investigation agencies. In order to make a proper assessment of the accident, it is necessary to carry out thorough investigation in order to find out the real cause of the accident besides establishing why the accident happened. This will help in making appropriate changes to prevent the occurrence of such incidences in future. In my own opinion, it is evident that the two firms did not follow safety practices required when working with highly flammable liquids. The Stringers Oilfield Services did not undertake proper training of its workers. While working on the facility, workers did not use the right equipment to ensure the safety of the process. For example, besides using a scaffold to work on raised surfaces, the welder used an ordinary ladder. Partridge-Raleigh also failed to take any step to ensure that the hired firm had well trained workers capable of observing caution when operatting containers with flammable materials. According to the US Chemical Investigation Board (2007), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) did not carry out its duties effectively. Hence, OSHA failed to inspect Stringer’s Oilfield Services and Partridge-Raleigh for close to three years before the explosion occurred. Thus, I totally agree with the investigation methods used by the United States Chemical Safety Board. Proper hazard analysis would have averted the crisis since both firms would have prior knowledge on the likely practices that would endanger the whole process. This would help the two firms to come up with preventive measures before starting the maintenance process. References Ferguson, L. H., Janicak, C. A. (2005).Fundamentals of fire protection for the safety professional. Lanham, Md: Government Institutes. The US Chemical Investigation Board (2007). Case study: hot work control and safe work practices at oil and gas production wells. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Partridge-Raleigh Oilfield Explosion in 2006 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The Partridge-Raleigh Oilfield Explosion in 2006 was written and submitted by user Zeke Beasley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.